When Is Itching an Issue? Identifying and Treating Abnormal Itch in Dogs

Itching, or scratching, is common behavior in dogs and is not always a cause for concern. Like humans, dogs may experience occasional itches that prompt scratching. However, when itching becomes excessive or persistent, it may indicate an underlying health problem that requires attention. Addressing abnormal itching promptly is important to maintain a dog’s quality of life and to prevent complications such as secondary infections or skin damage.

Understanding Pruritus in Dogs

Excessive or abnormal itching in dogs is medically referred to as pruritus. It is a frequent clinical sign encountered in veterinary practice. Itch is seen in more than 20 percent of dogs in general veterinary practice and is one of the most frequent reasons for veterinary visits. As allergic dermatitis progresses, quality of life in dogs declines and the relationship between a pet and its owner can be weakened due to emotional distress, interruptions in sleep and routines, increased expenses, and time lost to provide treatment and veterinary follow-up to manage an itchy dog. Veterinarians also face challenges in managing dogs with allergic dermatitis, as diagnosis and treatment takes time and requires regular progress checks. Dogs with pruritus may scratch, bite, or lick affected areas, which can be localized or generalized across the body.

It is important to note that pruritus is a symptom rather than a diagnosis. Identifying the underlying cause is essential for effective treatment. Common causes of pruritus in dogs include:

Parasitic infestations: Fleas are the most common external parasites causing itching.
Infections: Bacterial and yeast infections of the skin can cause or exacerbate itching.
Allergies: Environmental allergens (atopic dermatitis) and food allergies are significant contributors.

Many dogs experience seasonal flare-ups of pruritus, often related to pollen or other environmental allergens. Studies show that approximately half of dogs with atopic dermatitis have seasonal patterns of itching, while others suffer from chronic, year-round symptoms.

Impact on Quality of Life

If left untreated, pruritus can worsen and lead to complications such as skin infections (pyoderma), hair loss, and chronic discomfort. Owners also report emotional stress and frustration related to managing a dog’s chronic itching, which can affect the human-animal bond. Therefore, effective diagnosis and management of pruritus are critical to improving both canine health and owner satisfaction.

Recognizing and Addressing Abnormal Itching

Dog owners should be vigilant for signs of abnormal itching, such as frequent scratching, biting, licking, or rubbing, especially if these behaviors persist or worsen. Early veterinary consultation is recommended to diagnose the root cause through physical examination, skin testing, or allergy screening. Treatment may involve parasite control, antimicrobial therapy, dietary changes, or immunomodulatory medications depending on the diagnosis.

Hope for Itchy Dogs

One of the most significant advances in treating canine pruritus, especially related to atopic dermatitis, is the development of targeted biologic drugs. JAK inhibitors have transformed pruritus management by blocking intracellular signaling pathways involved in inflammation and itch. Newer JAK inhibitors with improved safety profiles and longer duration of action potentially offer more convenient dosing and fewer adverse effects. The good news is that if one treatment does not work, owners should not give up hope. There may be other options.

References:

American Veterinary Medical Association. (2020, February 15). More itchy pets? No problem. JAVMA News. Retrieved August 14, 2025, from https://www.avma.org/javma-news/2020-02-15/more-itchy-pets-no-problem