Pan European Study Presented at World Buiatrics Congress Indicates Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) is Highly Prevalent on European Dairy Farms

Preliminary results of field study found 73% of farms tested positive for BCoV

BCoV associated with increased risk for Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD), one of the most common and costly diseases in calves

Madison, N.J., Sept. 5, 2022– Merck Animal Health, a division of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, N.J., USA (NYSE:MRK), announced today preliminary results from the first field study evaluating the prevalence of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) in European dairy production. The study, which identified BCoV in the respiratory pathway on 73% of European sampled dairy farms and found that every farm was seropositive for BCoV, was presented in an oral session at the World Buiatrics Congress (WBC), taking place September 4-8 in Madrid, Spain.

“Bovine Coronavirus has long been suspected to be a worldwide endemic pathogen in cattle, and this is the first study to evaluate its prevalence in the dairy cattle population in Europe,” said Anna Catharina Berge, Ph.D., DVM, lead study author and academic advisor in the Unit of Epidemiology at the Veterinary School at Ghent University in Belgium. “The preliminary results from this study indicate that BCoV is commonly present in both the respiratory and enteric pathways in the dairy cattle population in Europe, with all herds being seropositive to the virus and the virus present in the respiratory pathway in 73% of the herds.”

The study aims to include a convenience sample of 130 European dairy farms, and 93 have been included and analyzed thus far. Nasal and fecal swabs are collected for BCoV detection and blood, and bulk tank milk samples are collected for specific BCoV antibody detection.

Among 93 dairy farms in Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden and Slovakia, the presence of BCoV was confirmed in 17% of nasal and 17% of fecal samples from the 93 herds analyzed. 73% of herds had one or more animals that were BCoV positive on nasal or fecal swabs. The presence of BCoV was demonstrated in 24% of nasal samples from neonatal calves, 24% of samples from weaned calves and 3% of samples from fresh cows.

“There is no centralized European data available in the scientific literature concerning prevalence, and until now, no studies had ever evaluated herd-level risk factors for BCoV,” said Geert Vertenten, Ph.D., DVM, Global Technical Director Ruminant Biologicals, Merck Animal Health. “Merck Animal Health is committed to improving animal health and welfare, and by extension, impacting public health and food safety through novel research in timely issues.”

On each farm, an extensive questionnaire was performed to determine various husbandry factors (such as calf management), disease control measures (such as colostrum administration and vaccination of dams against BCoV) and biosecurity management factors. The study will characterize farm-level risk factors in management and biosecurity that are linked to BCoV infection in neonatal and weaned dairy calves.

The study is ongoing and additional results will be presented in future scientific forums.

Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) in the respiratory tract of cattle increases risk for other respiratory pathogens.

BCoV is a member of a family of viruses associated with both enteric and respiratory diseases in ruminants. While BCoV has been well-established as a cause of Neonatal Calf Diarrhea, its role and impact on the Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) complex have been less defined. The first study of its kind generated evidence that BCoV may result in respiratory infections in cattle with histopathological lesions and clinical signs.

  • Prevalence, Biosecurity and Risk Management of Coronavirus Infections on Dairy Farms in Europe; Monday, September 5, 3:00pm, BERLIN room
  • Clinical Disease and Histopathology Associated with Respiratory Infection by Bovine Coronavirus; Poster presentation displayed on Wednesday-Thursday, September 7-8

About Merck Animal Health

At Merck, known as Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, N.J., USA in the United States and Canada, we are unified around our purpose: We use the power of leading-edge science to save and improve lives around the world. For more than a century, we’ve been at the forefront of research, bringing forward medicines, vaccines and innovative health solutions for the world’s most challenging diseases. Merck Animal Health, a division of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, N.J., USA, is the global animal health business unit of Merck. Through its commitment to The Science of Healthier Animals®, Merck Animal Health offers veterinarians, farmers, pet owners and governments one of the widest ranges of veterinary pharmaceuticals, vaccines and health management solutions and services as well as an extensive suite of connected technology that includes identification, traceability and monitoring products. Merck Animal Health is dedicated to preserving and improving the health, well-being and performance of animals and the people who care for them. It invests extensively in dynamic and comprehensive R&D resources and a modern, global supply chain. Merck Animal Health is present in more than 50 countries, while its products are available in some 150 markets. For more information, visit www.merck-animal-health.com and connect with us on LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.

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